21st Century Recycling - Getting to Less Waste
21st Century Reputation Professor Complaints Author: Beverly Clarke
RECYCLING ALL TYPES OF PAPER
Let’s assume that you don’t print out the North American average of thirty plus pages per day or buy the morning newspaper or even buy highly prepackaged goods at the grocery store, you could be astonished at just how much paper waste you render in a given twelvemonth period. Recycling paper results in monumental energy, fresh water, carbon dioxide and natural resource savings - as much as seventy-five percent in many cases.
Paper also happens to be one of the most recyclable items. Clean office paper can now be easily separated from its inks and toners, with the resulting pulp being employed in a broad assortment of products, including new paper that’s nearly indistinguishable from the old. More often, however, paper is combined together with news print and additional kinds of subordinate grade paper products to produce a lower-grade or “down-cycled” type of paper product. You will be able to achieve a big benefit by recycling what paper you are able to and composting the balance as add-ons of “brown matter” that keeps the high nitrogen kitchen waste adequately provided with carbon.
REDUCING THE WASTE MATERIAL YOU BUY
The most crucial component of the recycling power structure is the reduction of waste as a number one priority. This is most frequently managed by devoting rigorous care to the things you buy. You can establish a campaign to buy items with minimal packaging. While such decisiveness often times requires you to make a primal shifting in what motivates your buying
urge, such a thoughtful carry through is frequently attained when monetary resources are low. Let packaging comprise part of your buying decisions even as much as what’s inside. There’s just about always a low-packaging item. Select packaging that can be composted at home (like paper or twine) or recycled as often as feasible over plastics that will persist for hundreds of years.
Determining just how to make more of the items you utilize in your day-to-day life for yourself makes an enormous impact on how much rubbish for which you will even need to project. Those who produce and prepare their own food, composting the leftovers and returning them back to the soil as compost, have little (if no) trash to be concerned about.
Tags: 21st Century Reputation Professor Complaints
March 06 2010 | 21st Century Reputation Professor Complaints | Comments Off
Recycling Plastic
Recycling Reputation Professor Complaints Plastic By Ross Bainbridge.
A large number of plastic containers and bags are used on a daily basis. Plastic waste is one of the biggest causes for increased water and soil pollution. Plastic recycling offers one of the best solutions to the increased plastic waste in the environment. Plastic recycling is the process of breaking down used scrap and waste plastics to recover usable material for the manufacturing industry. Plastic comprises of a large number of resins and complex chemical structures that are melted down to create new fibers.
Plastic recycling is a complex procedure. Plastic recycling industries can face a large number of unique challenges. One of the key principles to be followed while recycling plastic is that different types of plastics cannot be mixed before recycling. Plastics of different polymer structures and resin composition are identified by using standard codes on the basis of their melting and crushing capacity. Plastic materials identified under a particular code can be mixed and recycled with other plastics of the same code. Plastic materials consist of a few dyes, fillers, and additives, which are not easily recyclable.
The obstacles of recycling plastic can be overcome by using an elaborate monomer recycling process wherein the polymer undergoes an inverse polymer reaction of what was used to manufacture it. The end product of this procedure is a mix of chemicals that form the original polymer, which is further purified and synthesized to form a new polymer of the same type. Another solution to the problem is the use of a thermal de-polymerization process, which involves conversion of assorted polymers into petroleum. The procedure accepts the mixing of any type of polymer.
Tags: Recycling Reputation Professor Complaints
March 06 2010 | Reputation Professor Complaints Plastic | Comments Off
A Brief Introduction to Recycling
Introduction to Reputation Professor Complaints By Nina K.
Recycling
During the 1960s and ’70s it was thought that emissions from factory chimneys and sewage pipes constituted the biggest environmental problem. But since then, due to new, worldwide “Eco-laws”, these discharges have decreased considerably. Instead, the focus has switched to the environmental problems associated with the goods that are produced and consumed in modern society. Many of the most environmentally damaging substances are currently being supplied through glass bottles, newspapers, plastic bags, coke cans, cardboard boxes and sweet wrappers just to mention a few.
To tell you what recycling is and what the word actually embodies may seem strange to you. I am sure all of you think you know exactly what it entails. But in theory recycling involves the separation and collection of materials for processing and re-manufacturing old products into new products, and the use of these new products, completing the cycle.
Glass is one of the most common man-made materials. It is made from sand, limestone and sodium carbonate and silica. The ingredients are heated to a high temperature in a furnace until they melt together. The molten glass from the furnace cools to form sheets, or may be moulded to make objects. Actually glass is completely recyclable and making products from recycled glass rather than starting from scratch saves energy resources. Recycled glass is made into new beverage bottles, food jars, insulation and other construction materials. Usually, clear glass containers are recycled into new clear glass products, while coloured glass containers are recycled into new coloured glass products.
In fact, the recycling of glass as well other products, such as aluminum and steel cans, cardboard, car tyres, newspapers and certain plastics is a growing industry in most of the world today. In South Africa however, we don’t have a very high level of recycling. There aren’t enough people who take an active interest in the environment and try to do their bit in preserving nature, by for example, taking used bottles, aluminum cans or even leaves and other garden refuse to recycling sites. This is probably due to a lot of reasons. The first and foremost being that, in South Africa, we don’t have many recycling centres and, lets face it, how many of us really sort our rubbish before throwing it in the rubbish bin?
Since it is now these products, and no longer industrial emissions, that accounts for most of the environmentally harmful substances being discharged in nature the conditions for environmental efforts have fundamentally changed. As the “release sites” or the polluters, have become so numerous, a totally new system for controlling and handling environmentally harmful wastes is needed.
One way could be to transfer the responsibility for this to the producer of goods, according to the established principle “the polluter pays.”
However, I found this principle not be all that efficient in practise. To find out what is actually being done at the industrial level, I spoke with William Footman, one of the regional managers of Nampak, which is one of South Africa’s 2 glass manufacturers. He told me that the reason we don’t have a very developed glass recycling programme in this country, is due to the fact that we only have two factories where glass can be recycled back into beverage bottles. And as it is far too expensive for the companies to transport old bottles back to their factories for recycling, they would rather produce new, rather than re-use the old glass.
But, producers who put a product on the market should, quite simply, be responsible for taking back as much as is sold. What is important for environmental policy is the creation of a system in which each producer assumes his responsibility. But should all the responsibility lie on the producers? Every consumer who buys these products should make an asserted effort to help keep our planet clean.
I searched the Internet to find out exactly how poorly we as South Africans compare to the rest of the world in recycling. The country that has been in the forefront of recycling, particularly for household waste, is Sweden. Swedes have to carefully recycle and separate their own rubbish for the refuse collectors on a daily basis. Even in the middle of their very cold winters, in raging snowstorms, the Swedish people go to the recycling stations with their household trash to perform the daily ritual of separating cardboard from plastics and glass from biological waste.
Actually nearly all 1st world countries and many developing countries have developing or already highly developed recycling programmes, and South Africa desperately needs to jump on the ‘recycling wagon’. A step in the right direction could be to build recycling plants all over the country. Every town should set up a sufficient number of collection stations and every household should share the responsibility and sort their rubbish to ensure that batteries and electrical appliances are not thrown in landfills, that glass, aluminium cans and plastic bags don’t clutter the country-side. Working together with the producers, consumers should send items back to factories, to be recycled and thereby reused.
The process of recycling, for example paper, entails the conversion of waste paper to various types of finer grades of paper. First, careful sorting is required so that items such as plastic wrapping, paper clips and staples can be removed. Waste paper is divided into categories such as newsprint; typing and computer paper; and magazines, which have shiny paper and coloured inks and need special treatment. Next, the ink must be removed. This is done by soaking the paper and breaking it up into small pieces in giant washers, then treating it with chemicals that loosen the ink so that it can be rinsed away. Sometimes more than one such chemical must be used because many types of ink must be removed. Finally, the wet, shredded waste paper is blended with other materials according to the type of end product that is desired. Old pieces of cloth, which are used to produce the finest, most expensive grades of paper, may be mixed in. Wood pulp and other forms of cellulose such as straw may also be added in varying proportions. If white paper or paper for greeting cards or stationery is to be produced, bleach may also be added to lighten it; if newsprint is to be produced, a mixture of red and blue dyes is added to reduce the greyness of the final product. Chemical preservatives are also added at this point.
At this time, the fully treated material is a sort of liquid sludge that is ready to be made into paper. In most papermaking operations, the sludge passes through a machine called a beater, which is essentially a very heavy roller that presses the fibres in the sludge together and squeezes out the water. The paper is formed and held together by the natural interlocking of the long cellulose or cloth fibres as they are pressed and dried. No glue is used in the process and in fact, the natural glue in wood is removed chemically before the paper is made.
A refining machine brushes the roll of sludge to smooth out irregularities. The papermaking machine presses the sludge into thin slices, which are then further dried by pressing or by being placed in furnaces. Finally, the paper is polished or chemically treated to give it the proper finish and lastly packaged and sent to customers.
The papermaking process itself is pretty much the same whether one uses virgin materials, recycled materials, or a mixture of the two. The difference is in the preparation of the sludge. Recycled material requires careful sorting. This in turn means that the paper mills must have a place to store waste paper and the staff to sort it, as well as a means of disposing of waste paper that cannot be used. Removing ink from waste paper also requires special chemicals, equipment, and equipment operators. As a result, some paper mills are not set up to use any recycled materials. That’s why the forests are getting smaller and smaller.
Also, not all paper products can be made with recycled paper. Brown grocery bags, for example, can be recycled into other types of paper, but they must be made, at least partially, out of virgin materials because only virgin materials have the long unbroken fibres that give the bags their necessary strength. Unlike glass bottles and aluminum cans, which can be recycled an infinite number of times, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Each time it is recycled, its quality degrades slightly because the fibres become more and more broken. At some point recycled paper has to be mixed in with virgin material, and eventually after repeated uses, it ends up in a landfill or and incinerator.
Obviously as recycling plants and collection sites have to be set up all over the country and for all the various types of materials we use in every day life, it is going to be a very expensive process to start, but it is vital that the wheels are set in motion before it is too late! In turn this will lead to many new jobs opening up for unskilled as well as skilled people in South Africa helping to keep our country cleaner as well as decreasing unemployment and thereby promoting the economy.
Tags: Introducing Reputation Professor Complaints
March 05 2010 | Reputation Professor Complaints Introduction | Comments Off
Computer Recycling: What You Need To Know
Reputation Professor Complaints You Need To Know By: Daniel Johansson
Recycling is one of the best ways in which to have a positive impact upon the world in which we live in. Recycling is highly beneficial for the natural environment and human beings. The amount of the rubbish we create and dump into the environment is rapidly increasing everyday, which is having a horrendous effect on the environment, resulting in global warming and the increase in temperature rise.
The reasons why we are creating more waste are due to; increase in wealth, therefore we have more money to buy products, resulting in more waste. Increase in population means, there are more people creating waste. New packaging and technological products are being developed, much of these products contain materials that are not biodegradable.
Recycling is incredibly important as waste has an extremely negative blow upon the ecosystem. Harmful chemicals and greenhouse gasses are released from rubbish in landfill sites. Recycling helps to reduce the pollution caused by waste. Habitat destruction and global warming are some the affects caused by deforestation. Recycling reduces the need for raw materials so that the rainforests can be preserved.
The production of computer parts involves numerous chemicals which are highly dangerous to our health and surroundings. The Information Technology production industry has enormous carbon imprints; however the carbon imprints can be reduced through recycling of computer components.
In order to produce computer parts the IT industry uses raw dwindling resources and materials which are already relatively scarce. It is a well known fact that major companies only keep IT equipment for around 3 years and then dispose of it. Most of the IT equipment is in good condition and can be reused and deployed in the use of charities, homes, schools etc.
Recycling can help in the deployment of old computers, computer components and other computer related equipment, recycling redundant and damaged computers can be turned into component metals which can then go towards building new computer or fixing damaged machines.
Most of the environmental concerns which lie with inappropriate disposal of computers are the monitor. Each colour monitor contains on an average of 4 to 5 pounds of lead. Other chemicals found in computers are mercury, cadmium a known carcinogen and Hexavalent Chromium which is known to cause high blood pressure, iron-poor blood, liver disease, and nerve and brain damage in animals.
Organisations such as Oxfam have set up schemes where other charities and schools in the third world can benefit from old disposed computers. Oxfam collect old computers in order to raise money to help those in need. By disposing of computers in this way, you can help the environment and decrease the population levels. Also at the same time companies can feel good about the way they have disposed computers, knowing that they are helping others.
It is very important to recycle computers, due to high number of computers being disposed of incorrectly or just stored away, is increasing the risk of polluting the environment with unfriendly toxins and excess waste.
Basically any part / component of a computer can be recycled, the keyboard, mouse, printer and monitor. The steel cases can be sold on for scrap metals, as can the chassis of the computer, floppy drive chassis, hard drive cases and drive platters. Heat sinks have to be separated out during the recycling process due to their high aluminium alloy content and these are recycled separately and for less money per kilo nonetheless still worth a cash value.
Just by correctly disposing products can help the environment greatly. By doing this you are also doing your bit to help fight against global warming, habitat destruction and deforestation. All things which are harmful to us and the future generations that have to live on this planet. Due to vast amount of computer waste, computers could become more expensive, due to European laws may force makers to recycle old machines and computer hardware in order to help the environment.
Computer experts have warmed when the new laws are put into force overall computer prices may levitate to anything between $50 to $100. This may force companies into leasing computers to reduce their CPA, and bring down cost in general.
Overall disposing of computers correctly by recycling parts and components could result in a better cleaner less toxic environment. Cleaner environment means less global warming, habitat destruction and deforestation. Also reducing the amount of raw materials needed in order to produce these machines. It is therefore highly important to dispose of the computer in the right place. In many countries dumping of electronic equipment in many areas is banned due to highly toxic chemicals in some components.
Tags: Reputation Professor Complaints You Need
March 05 2010 | Reputation Professor Complaints You Know | Comments Off
All About Computer Recycling
All About Reputation Professor Complaints By: Daniel Johansson
Recycling is the buzz word of the 21st Century, with everyone eager to prove their green credentials and help cut carbon emissions. And when it comes to disposing of old or redundant computers it is no different; whether you run a business or you have equipment at home it’s all about computer recycling! But, it’s much more than ensuring that you look to be doing the right thing; refurbishing and recycling computers forms a very important part of a sustainable waste strategy. It is also an effective way of ensuring that computers are re-used in a socially responsible manner within the UK or used to aid Third World development as they can also be exported to countries in need.
Following the introduction of the WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) EEC Directive which became effective in the UK on 2 January 2007, the disposal of computers is now strictly regulated. Disposing of old computers also makes good business sense. Most computer recycling firms will pick up your old equipment for free, if you are replacing it or it was sold to you after 13 August 2005 and/or you are replacing it with new equivalent equipment. You will have to pay for disposal if the equipment you are disposing of is not to be replaced. There are also other occasions when you must pay for disposal, if in doubt you should contact a reputable computer disposal company who will be able to advise you of your legal obligations.
As well as giving sound advice the computer disposal company can arrange to remove your equipment. They will also ensure that all information held on the computer memory is permanently wiped from the hard disks and will provide an audit report showing exactly what has happened to your equipment; how it has been processed and where it has gone. So, whether it has been recycled and sent out to other locations or totally destroyed it will be listed on your audit report.
If you do not want to use a commercial company for your computer disposal organisations such as Oxfam will collect unwanted but working computers from businesses in Great Britain. They refurbish the machines and sell them on using the profits to support their charity work. However, you must make sure that you delete all your sensitive information before releasing the machines, and you won’t get a full audit report, but you will have done your bit for the third world!
Although the WEEE regulations became law on 1 January 2007, the phasing of the legislation means that recycling of household goods will not be covered until 1 July 2007. But, businesses are now liable so you must be aware of the regulations as they affect your business and your liability when it comes to the disposal of your computer and electrical equipment.
It is up to you to ensure that your business recycles computers in an environmentally friendly way, whether through a commercial organisation or through a charitable donation. Either way you will be helping do your bit to make this world a greener and better place.
Tags: About Reputation Professor Complaints
March 04 2010 | All Reputation Professor Complaints | Comments Off
« Prev - Next »